Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 31, 2025
06:03
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
1.4K
Immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19
Poonam Mathur1, Shyamasundaran Kottilil1
1Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Frontiers in Medicine
|August 22, 2022
Summary
Immunomodulatory therapies can help manage severe COVID-19 by controlling the host inflammatory response. This review summarizes evidence for FDA Emergency Use Authorizations and Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- The host inflammatory response in progressive COVID-19 can lead to hypoxemia and critical illness.
- Controlling aberrant inflammation is crucial for managing severe and critical COVID-19 disease.
- Immunomodulatory therapies offer a potential strategy to mitigate severe COVID-19 complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immunomodulatory therapies for severe and critical COVID-19.
- To summarize evidence supporting FDA Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for these therapies.
- To present Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommendations for immunomodulatory treatments.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of English-language studies.
- Inclusion of FDA Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs).
- Analysis of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines.
- Literature search from March 2020 to present.
Main Results:
- Several immunomodulatory therapies show proposed benefits for severe and critical COVID-19.
- A limited number of these therapies have received FDA EUA or IDSA recommendations.
- Evidence supporting specific therapies and patient populations is presented.
Conclusions:
- Physicians need to be aware of the evidence for immunomodulatory therapies in severe COVID-19.
- Understanding which patient groups benefit most from each therapy is essential.
- These therapies are critical for managing the inflammatory response in advanced COVID-19.
Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicimmunomodulatory therapiesinpatient treatmentsevere COVID-19viral infectious diseasesMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
644
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
644
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
894
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
894
01:29Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
257
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
257
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
562
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
562
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
1.2K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.2K
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs
415
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
415