Identification of individuals at risk for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Gerontology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent complication after surgery, affecting 10-54% of patients within weeks.
• While often transient, POCD can lead to increased length of stay, mortality, and long-term cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent (last 5 years) preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for POCD.
• To discuss suitable neuropsychological tools, biomarkers, and assessment time points for clinical POCD screening.
• To inform the development of a standardized strategy for routine POCD screening and early intervention.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of literature published within the last five years.
• Synthesis of identified risk factors for POCD.
• Evaluation of potential tools and biomarkers for POCD assessment.

Main Results:

• Identified various risk factors across the perioperative period contributing to POCD.
• Highlighted the need for validated neuropsychological tools and biomarkers for timely POCD detection.
• Emphasized the importance of standardized screening protocols for consistency and comparability.

Conclusions:

• Routine screening for POCD is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals.
• Standardized strategies will enhance the consistency and comparability of POCD research and clinical practice.
• Early identification facilitates timely interventions to mitigate negative outcomes associated with POCD.