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Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Ourselves, with Dementia.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Advance directives for dementia care may not reflect future wishes. People with dementia often adapt and find contentment, suggesting flexibility in care decisions is crucial.

    Keywords:
    advance directivesbioethicsdementiaend-of-life decisions

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Bioethics
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Fear of dementia prompts requests for end-of-life choices, including euthanasia and refusal of care.
    • Advance directives are often based on current preferences, which may not align with future states of being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the ethical considerations of advance directives for individuals with dementia.
    • To examine the potential disconnect between advance wishes and the lived experience of dementia.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on dementia care, advance directives, and patient autonomy.
    • Analysis of ethical frameworks concerning patient rights and evolving capacity.
    • Synthesis of expert opinions and family member accounts regarding adaptation to dementia.

    Main Results:

    • Individuals with dementia frequently adapt to their condition and report contentment with life.
    • Advance directives may not accurately represent the preferences of the future self with dementia.
    • Relying solely on rigid advance instructions can hinder personalized and responsive medical decision-making.

    Conclusions:

    • Advance euthanasia directives and refusal of hand feeding in dementia may be ethically problematic due to potential adaptation.
    • Caregivers and medical professionals need flexibility to respond to the evolving needs and well-being of individuals with dementia.
    • Future selves with dementia should be considered, advocating for adaptable care plans over strictly binding advance instructions.