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Portable electroanalytical nucleic acid amplification tests using printed circuit boards and open-source electronics.

Anna Toldrà1, Alar Ainla2, Shirin Khaliliazar1

  • 1School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden. mahiar@kth.se.

The Analyst
|August 22, 2022
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Summary

This study repurposed low-cost printed circuit boards (PCBs) into electrochemical DNA biosensors for point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). This innovation enables affordable and portable DNA detection, demonstrated by identifying toxic algae.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Technology
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Electrochemical nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are desirable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics but are hindered by high costs and limited portability.
  • Existing NAATs often require expensive components and complex thermal cycling equipment, restricting their widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost, portable electrochemical biosensor system for NAATs.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using repurposed printed circuit boards (PCBs) as electrodes for DNA biosensing.
  • To detect the toxic microalgae *Ostreopsis cf. ovata* as a proof of concept.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mass-produced PCBs as near-zero cost electrodes for self-assembled monolayer-based DNA biosensing.
  • Integrated PCBs with a custom-designed, low-cost portable potentiostat.
  • Developed a NAAT employing isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and electrochemical readout via a sandwich hybridization assay.

Main Results:

  • Successfully repurposed industrial PCBs as functional electrodes for DNA biosensing.
  • Demonstrated a low-cost, portable system capable of electrochemical NAATs without thermal cyclers.
  • Achieved analytical detection of *Ostreopsis cf. ovata* DNA, validating the system's capability.

Conclusions:

  • Repurposed PCBs and open-source electronics offer a viable pathway to low-cost, portable DNA biosensors for POC applications.
  • The developed system significantly reduces the cost and complexity of NAATs.
  • This approach holds potential for accessible environmental and health monitoring.