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Invasive Meningococcal X Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Brazil

Lucila O Fukasawa, Bernadete L Liphaus, Maria Gisele Gonçalves

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |August 23, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X (MenX) is a severe global health threat. This report details two recent MenX cases in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its continued presence.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a significant global health concern.
    • Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X (MenX) causes infrequent but notable outbreaks, particularly in Africa.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic context may influence disease reporting and occurrence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the occurrence of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X (MenX) in Brazil.
    • To document MenX cases during the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

    Main Methods:

    • Case reporting and clinical data review.
    • Microbiological identification of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X.

    Main Results:

    • Two cases of invasive meningococcal disease due to MenX were identified.
    • These cases occurred in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2021 and 2022.
    • The cases were diagnosed during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Conclusions:

    • Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X invasive disease is a potential threat in Brazil.
    • Surveillance for MenX is crucial, even in non-outbreak settings.
    • Further research is needed to understand MenX epidemiology in South America.
    Keywords:
    BrazilCOVID-19MenXMeningococcal X diseaseNeisseira meningitidis serogroup XSARs-CoV-2invasive meningococcal diseasemeningitis/encephalitis

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