Th2A cells: The pathogenic players in allergic diseases

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Allergy Research

Background:

• Proallergic type 2 helper T (Th2A) cells are a specific subset of memory Th2 cells found in individuals with atopic conditions.
• These cells encompass all allergen-specific Th2 cells and are implicated in various allergic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the discovery and biological properties of Th2A cells.
• To highlight the key biomarkers for identifying Th2A cells.
• To provide insights into the pathogenesis of allergic diseases through the lens of Th2A cell function.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on Th2A cells.
• Analysis of established and emerging biomarkers for Th2A cell identification (e.g., CD3, CD4, HPGDS, CRTH2, CD161, ST2, CD49d, CD27).

Main Results:

• Th2A cells are characterized by a specific surface marker profile: CD3+ CD4+ HPGDS+ CRTH2+ CD161high ST2high CD49dhigh CD27low.
• These cells play a significant role in the immune response underlying atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Conclusions:

• Th2A cells are crucial mediators in the development and progression of allergic diseases.
• Understanding Th2A cell biology offers new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting allergic conditions.