Advancement and Challenges of Biosensing Using Field Effect Transistors

Area of Science:

• * Semiconductor device physics
• * Biosensor technology
• * Nanotechnology and materials science

Background:

• * Field-effect transistors (FETs) are highly sensitive and fast electronic devices widely used in biosensing.
• * Understanding FET device physics through numerical modeling has advanced their application.
• * FETs proved crucial for detecting pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review the challenges hindering the performance of FET-based biosensing systems.
• * To explore innovative approaches, techniques, and device modifications addressing these challenges.
• * To highlight advancements in material science and theoretical modeling for optimizing FET biosensors.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive literature review of FET biosensor research.
• * Analysis of numerical modeling and simulation studies on FET device physics.
• * Investigation of material functionalization and structural modification techniques.

Main Results:

• * Innovative strategies have significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of FET biosensors.
• * Structural modifications of functional materials enhance surface area and reduce power dissipation.
• * Theoretical models provide insights into electron transport mechanisms for performance optimization.

Conclusions:

• * FET biosensors offer a promising platform for sensitive and specific pathogen detection.
• * Ongoing research addresses performance limitations through material innovation and advanced modeling.
• * Developments pave the way for miniaturized biosensing arrays for ultra large scale integration (ULSI).