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In-Vitro Phenotypic Response of Human Osteoblasts to Different Degrees of Titanium Surface Roughness
Muataz A Osman1,2,3,4, Rasha A Alamoush5, Evgeny Kushnerev1,4
1Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Coupland 3 Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Dentistry Journal
|August 25, 2022
Summary
Titanium implant surface roughness did not significantly affect human osteoblast proliferation or cytotoxicity. All tested roughness levels showed comparable cell responses, with the smooth surface exhibiting the highest, though not clinically significant, cytotoxic effect.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Cell Biology
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Titanium (Ti) is a widely used material for dental implants.
- Surface properties, including roughness, can influence biological responses.
- Understanding osteoblast behavior on different Ti surfaces is crucial for implant success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate human osteoblast (HOB) responses to varying degrees of titanium surface roughness.
- To assess the impact of micrometer-scale roughness on HOB proliferation and cytotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Four degrees of Ti surface roughness were tested: smooth (S), minimally rough (MM), moderately rough (MR), and rough (R).
- HOB cells were cultured and exposed to the different Ti surfaces.
- Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were measured using alamarBlue and lactate dehydrogenase assays over 10 days.
- Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in HOB proliferation or cytotoxicity were observed across the different Ti surface roughness levels.
- A significant time-dependent effect on cell proliferation was noted for all roughness degrees.
- A non-significant positive correlation between proliferation and cytotoxicity was found for all surfaces.
Conclusions:
- All tested titanium surface roughness degrees demonstrated comparable human osteoblast proliferation.
- The smooth surface exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect, but it remained below the ISO-defined cytotoxic level.
- Surface roughness, within the tested micrometer range, does not appear to be a critical factor for HOB response in terms of proliferation and cytotoxicity.
