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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Idiosyncratic consonant clusters: a Farsi-speaking child with protracted phonological development.

Froogh Shooshtaryzadeh1, Joseph Paul Stemberger2

  • 1English Translation Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanity, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Gazvin, Iran.

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics
|August 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzes a Farsi-speaking child's protracted phonological development, revealing unusual consonant errors like nasal-to-stop substitutions. Intervention strategies are proposed for these specific speech sound disorder challenges.

Keywords:
Farsicase studyconsonant clustersphonological developmentspeech sound disordersvoicing

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Protracted phonological development can significantly impact a child's speech intelligibility.
  • Children with severe speech sound disorders often exhibit unique phonological patterns.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a nonlinear phonological analysis of a Farsi-speaking child with protracted phonological development.
  • To identify and describe common and uncommon phonological processes affecting consonant accuracy.
  • To propose an intervention plan based on the analysis of the child's specific difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of speech data from a 4;8-year-old Farsi-speaking child with low consonant accuracy.
  • Application of a nonlinear, constraints-based phonological framework.
  • Identification of phonological processes including substitutions and cluster simplifications.

Main Results:

  • Observed common processes: fricatives to stops, dorsal/non-anterior coronals to anterior coronals.
  • Identified uncommon processes: nasals to oral stops, variable voicing of obstruents.
  • Documented novel word-medial clusters (e.g., voiced-voiceless stop sequences) not present in adult Farsi.

Conclusions:

  • The child's phonological system displays a complex interaction of common and uncommon processes.
  • A nonlinear analysis provides insight into the underlying systematicity of the child's errors.
  • Targeted intervention addressing these specific phonological patterns is recommended for improving speech production.