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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is Associated With Increased Rates of Childhood Infectious Diseases: A

Eugene Merzon1, Ariel Israel2, Shai Ashkenazi3

  • 1Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|August 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher likelihood of experiencing infectious diseases (IDs). Healthcare providers should consider this association in pediatric care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infectious diseases (IDs) represent a significant health burden in children.
  • Previous studies indicate a link between pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pediatric ADHD and the overall incidence of infectious diseases.
  • To determine if ADHD increases the risk for various pediatric infections.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study utilized Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) from Leumit Health Services (LHS).
  • The study included children and adolescents aged 5-18 years from January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2021.
  • Cases met ADHD criteria; controls were randomly selected (2:1 ratio) and matched by demographics. Diagnoses used ICD-9/10 criteria.

Main Results:

  • The study included 18,756 ADHD cases and 37,512 controls, with similar demographics.
  • Children with ADHD showed significantly higher rates of all infectious diseases compared to controls.
  • Specific infections with increased risk included acute respiratory infection (OR=1.4), acute gastroenteritis (OR=1.3), salmonellosis (OR=2.8), and urinary tract infection (OR=1.3).
  • Children with ADHD received anti-infective medications more frequently and had more physician visits.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a significant association between infectious diseases and pediatric ADHD.
  • Healthcare providers should be aware of the increased risk of infections in children with ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDinfectionspublic health

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