Urinary Bladder Schistosomiasis Mimicking Neoplasm: A Case Report.

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Infectious Diseases
• Parasitology

Background:

• Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms.
• Urinary schistosomiasis, specifically from Schistosoma haematobium, affects millions globally, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Urinary bladder lesions are a known manifestation, but presentation as a distinct mass can be rare.

Observation:

• A 20-year-old woman presented with flank pain and lower abdominal discomfort.
• Initial urinalysis showed mild hematuria and pyuria, with peripheral eosinophilia noted in blood tests.
• Imaging revealed a pedunculated intraluminal urinary bladder mass.

Findings:

• Transurethral resection of the bladder mass confirmed urinary schistosomiasis.
• The patient responded well to a standard two-dose regimen of oral praziquantel.
• One-month follow-up confirmed resolution of infection, indicated by normal urinalysis and eosinophil counts.

Implications:

• Urinary schistosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bladder lesions, especially in individuals with travel or residence history in endemic areas.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment with praziquantel are effective in managing urinary schistosomiasis and preventing long-term complications.
• Raising awareness among healthcare providers about the diverse presentations of schistosomiasis is essential for timely intervention.