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Diagnosis Methods for COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

Renata Maia1,2, Violeta Carvalho1,2,3,4, Bernardo Faria1,2

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Accurate and rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is essential. This review examines available COVID-19 diagnostic tests, highlighting limitations of RT-PCR and the potential of alternative methods for improved detection and understanding.

Keywords:
COVID-19PCRSARS-CoV-2diagnosisimage analysis

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Medical Diagnostics
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late 2019 led to a global pandemic, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic tools.
  • * Existing diagnostic methods, while crucial, face challenges in meeting the demands of widespread testing.
  • * The need for efficient and accessible COVID-19 testing became a global priority.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To systematically review and overview available COVID-19 diagnostic methods and tests.
  • * To analyze the evolution of diagnostic techniques in response to the pandemic.
  • * To identify limitations of current gold-standard tests and explore alternative diagnostic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • * Systematic literature review utilizing Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases.
  • * Independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of selected studies by three authors.
  • * Selection of 34 studies reporting novel COVID-19 diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

  • * Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the established gold-standard for COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • * RT-PCR limitations include requirements for specialized equipment, trained personnel, and lengthy result turnaround times.
  • * Alternative diagnostic approaches, including biological and imaging analyses, have gained prominence to address RT-PCR's constraints.

Conclusions:

  • * Combining diverse diagnostic techniques is crucial for enhancing COVID-19 diagnosis accuracy and efficiency.
  • * Exploring alternative and complementary diagnostic methods is vital for managing the pandemic.
  • * Further research into combined diagnostic strategies can deepen the understanding of the virus, disease progression, and human implications.