Image Recognition of Wind Turbine Blade Defects Using Attention-Based MobileNetv1-YOLOv4 and Transfer Learning

Recently, the machine-vision-based blades surface damage detection technique has received great attention for its low cost, easy operation, and lack of a need for prior knowledge. The rapid progress of deep learning has contributed to the promotion of this technology with automatic feature extraction, a broader scope of application, and stronger expansibility. An image recognition method of wind turbine blade defects using attention-based MobileNetv1-YOLOv4 and transfer learning is proposed in this paper. The backbone convolution neural network of YOLOv4 is replaced by the lightweight MobileNetv1 for feature extraction to reduce complexity and computation. Attention-based feature refinement with three distinctive modules, SENet, ECANet, and CBAM, is introduced to realize adaptive feature optimization. To solve the problem of slow network convergence and low detection accuracy caused by insufficient data, a two-stage transfer learning approach is introduced to fine-tune the pre-trained network. Comparative experiments verify the efficacy of the proposed model, with higher detection accuracy but a significantly faster response speed and less computational complexity, compared with other state-of-the-art networks by using images of the wind turbine blades taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A sensitivity study is also conducted to present the effects of different training dataset sizes on the model performance.