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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
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Predicting clinical response to costimulation blockade in autoimmunity.

Natalie M Edner1, Chun Jing Wang1, Lina Petersone1

  • 1Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.

Immunotherapy Advances
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Costimulation blockade can suppress T cell responses, but predicting patient benefit remains challenging. Profiling follicular helper T cells (Tfh) before treatment may help identify individuals likely to respond to drugs like abatacept for type 1 diabetes.

Keywords:
CD28 costimulation blockadeautoimmunityfollicular helper T cellshelper T cellstype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Costimulation blockade is an established immunosuppressive strategy targeting T cell responses.
  • Clinical efficacy of costimulation blockade varies significantly among individuals.
  • Predicting patient response to costimulation blockade remains a critical unmet need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of pre-treatment follicular helper T cell (Tfh) profiling in predicting response to costimulation blockade therapy.
  • To evaluate the utility of Tfh cell analysis in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receiving costimulation blockade.
  • To contextualize new findings within the existing literature on costimulation blockade and T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pre-treatment blood samples to profile follicular helper T cells (Tfh).
  • Application of costimulation blockade therapy in a cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Review and synthesis of current literature on costimulation blockade efficacy and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Follicular helper T cell (Tfh) populations in pre-treatment samples show potential as predictive biomarkers.
  • Specific Tfh profiles may correlate with differential clinical responses to costimulation blockade.
  • Findings suggest a personalized approach to costimulation blockade therapy in T1D.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-treatment follicular helper T cell (Tfh) profiling may enhance the prediction of patient response to costimulation blockade.
  • This approach could optimize the use of immunosuppressive drugs like abatacept in type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Further research is warranted to validate Tfh profiling as a predictive tool for costimulation blockade therapy.