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Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration
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Codon Usage is Influenced by Compositional Constraints in Genes Associated with Dementia.

Taha Alqahtani1, Rekha Khandia2, Nidhi Puranik2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Frontiers in Genetics
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Summary

This study reveals how genetic factors influence dementia. We found that nucleotide composition and mutation forces shape gene expression, impacting dementia-related genes.

Keywords:
GC compositioncodon usagecompositional constraintdementianucleotide skew

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline syndrome.
  • 47 dementia-associated genes were analyzed.
  • Understanding genetic underpinnings is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate forces shaping codon usage bias in dementia-related genes.
  • Determine the roles of compositional, selectional, and mutational forces.
  • Analyze nucleotide influences (A and GC) on gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 47 dementia-associated genes.
  • Investigated codon usage bias (CUB).
  • Examined nucleotide composition (A and GC), mutational, and selectional forces.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide A positively influenced CUB; GC had a negative influence.
  • GC-ending codons were preferred, enhancing gene expression.
  • The TTG codon showed unusual behavior, indicating selection pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Selection pressure, compositional constraints, and mutational forces interact to shape codon usage in dementia genes.
  • Gene expression is significantly influenced by these forces.
  • Findings provide insights into the genetic basis of dementia.