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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Decline in Oral Function and Its Management.

Masanori Iwasaki1, Hirohiko Hirano1

  • 1Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.

International Dental Journal
|August 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining good oral function is crucial for healthy aging. New concepts like oral frailty and oral hypofunction highlight the link between oral health, physical function, and nutrition in older adults.

Keywords:
AgedGeriatricsOral healthReview

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Growing focus on eating abilities in the ageing population.
  • Introduction of oral frailty and oral hypofunction concepts in Japan.
  • These concepts describe multidimensional aspects of poor oral function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evaluation and management of oral function in ageing populations.
  • To summarize evidence on the associations between poor oral function and physical/nutritional status.
  • To identify gaps in current research and suggest future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of recent randomized controlled trials and observational studies.
  • Focus on community-dwelling older adults.

Main Results:

  • Oral frailty and oral hypofunction are linked to poorer physical function (gait, frailty, sarcopenia).
  • Poor oral function is associated with impaired nutritional status (low protein, malnutrition).
  • Reduced social network participation correlates with diminished oral function.

Conclusions:

  • Oral function significantly impacts physical and nutritional health in older adults.
  • Interventions targeting oral function show potential for improvement.
  • Further high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and long-term effects.