Effects of 'Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Hearing Loss' on Auditory Outcomes in Cochlear Implant Recipient Children
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Published on: June 8, 2017
Vishal Gaurav1, Shalabh Sharma1, Satinder Singh1
1Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India.
Insights
Children with perinatal risk factors for hearing loss showed slightly lower auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI). However, CI remains beneficial for these children, aiding in predicting results and counseling families.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Audiology
- Otolaryngology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Cochlear implantation (CI) is a key rehabilitation method for children with severe to profound permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL).
- Diagnostic advancements have influenced CI candidacy, including for children with perinatal risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of perinatal risk factors on post-CI auditory performance in children.
- To assess if perinatal risk factors influence the effectiveness of cochlear implantation.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study evaluated 50 children with CI over 1 year.
- Children were grouped based on the presence (case group, 6) or absence (control group, 44) of perinatal risk factors.
- Auditory outcomes were measured using Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) scores.
Main Results:
- Children with perinatal risk factors had significantly lower mean MAIS (8.6% decrease) and CAP (6.7% decrease) scores at 1 year post-CI compared to controls.
- Despite lower scores, children with perinatal risk factors still achieved over 80% of maximum CAP and MAIS scores.
- CI recipients without perinatal risk factors demonstrated significantly better auditory outcomes at 1 year.
Conclusions:
- Perinatal risk factors are associated with reduced, though still substantial, auditory perception outcomes 1 year after cochlear implantation.
- Cochlear implantation is beneficial for children with PCHL, even those with perinatal risk factors.
- Identifying perinatal risk factors aids in predicting post-CI auditory outcomes and provides crucial information for family counseling.
Abstract:
Cochlear implantation (CI) is used for rehabilitation of children with bilateral severe to profound permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL). Recently, treatment of such children has been influenced by diagnostic technological advances. Children with perinatal risk factors associated with PCHL can undergo CI. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' on post-CI auditory outcomes. In this prospective study at a tertiary care centre we evaluated 50 cochlear implanted children from October 2011 to March 2013. The case group consisted of 6 (12%) children who had presence of 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' and control group consisted of 44 (88%) children without any 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL'. All patients received auditory and speech rehabilitation and we evaluated their auditory perception outcomes by categories of auditory performance (CAP) and meaningful auditory integration scale (MAIS) scores at 1 year post-CI. There were significantly decreased mean MAIS scores (decrease of 8.6%) and mean CAP scores (decrease of 6.7%) in CI recipient children with 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' as compared to those who were without any 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' at 1 year after CI. However, in children with 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL', mean CAP & MAIS scores (auditory perception outcomes) were still more than 80% of maximum achievable CAP & MAIS scores. In this study, CI recipient children who were without any 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' had significantly better mean MAIS & CAP scores (auditory perception outcomes) 1 year post-CI. However, even in children who had 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL', there was substantial improvement in auditory perception outcomes at 1 year post-CI and CI was still helpful in these children. Hence, knowledge of 'perinatal risk factor associated with PCHL' can provide reasonable help in predicting the auditory perception outcome and optimal counselling of families of CI candidates.
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