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Efficient and Recyclable Solid-Supported Pd(II) Catalyst for Microwave-Assisted Suzuki Cross-Coupling in Aqueous

Abdulrahman M Alazemi1, Kamal M Dawood2, Hamad M Al-Matar1

  • 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.

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A novel solid-supported palladium(II) catalyst on chitosan demonstrates high efficiency in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. This recyclable catalyst maintains activity over five runs, especially under microwave irradiation, showcasing its stability and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-supported catalysts are vital for efficient organic synthesis.
  • Palladium complexes are widely used in cross-coupling reactions.
  • Chitosan offers a sustainable and versatile support material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel solid-supported palladium(II) catalyst using chitosan.
  • To evaluate the catalytic performance of the synthesized complex in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.
  • To assess the catalyst's recyclability, thermal stability, and efficiency under different conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a palladium(II) complex immobilized on chitosan.
  • Comprehensive characterization using spectroscopic (FTIR, XPS, EDX, ICP-AES) and thermal (TGA, DSC) techniques.
  • Morphological analysis via electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and surface area determination (BET).
  • Catalytic activity assessment in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in aqueous media, comparing conventional heating and microwave irradiation.

Main Results:

  • The solid-supported palladium(II) catalyst was successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized.
  • The catalyst exhibited high activity and stability in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, particularly under microwave irradiation.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability, remaining active for five consecutive runs without significant loss of performance.
  • High turnover number (19,019) and turnover frequency (114,114 h⁻¹) were achieved under microwave conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chitosan-supported palladium(II) catalyst is a highly efficient, recyclable, and stable material for Suzuki cross-coupling.
  • Microwave irradiation significantly enhances the catalytic performance and recyclability of the catalyst.
  • This solid-supported catalyst presents a promising green chemistry approach for organic synthesis applications.