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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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Structural- and Site-Specific N-Glycosylation Characterization of COVID-19 Virus Spike with StrucGP
Bojing Zhu1, Zexuan Chen1, Jiechen Shen1
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, China.
Abstract:
The spike (S) protein plays a key role in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and host-cell entry. Previous studies have systematically analyzed site-specific glycan compositions as well as many important structural motifs of the S protein. Here, we further provide structural-clear N-glycosylation of the S protein at a site-specific level by using our recently developed structural- and site-specific N-glycoproteomics sequencing algorithm, StrucGP. In addition to the common N-glycans as detected in previous studies, many uncommon glycosylation structures such as LacdiNAc structures, Lewis structures, Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues, and bisected core structures were unambiguously mapped at a total of 20 glycosites in the S protein trimer and protomer. These data further support the glycosylation structural-functional investigations of the COVID-19 virus spike.
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