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Number transcoding in bilinguals-A transversal developmental study.

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Bilingual children learning math in French (LM2) show slower number transcoding, especially for French numbers with a base-20 structure. This language effect on number processing persists into adulthood.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Number transcoding, the conversion between visual and verbal numerical representations, relies heavily on language proficiency.
  • Educational systems influence numerical cognition, particularly when the language of mathematics instruction changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of language of mathematics instruction on number transcoding abilities in German-French bilinguals.
  • To examine age-related differences and language-specific effects in number transcoding.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated number transcoding in 5th, 8th, 11th graders, and adults using reading aloud and verbal-visual number matching tasks.
  • Compared performance on base-10 and base-20 number structures across German (LM1) and French (LM2) as the language of mathematics instruction.

Main Results:

  • Transcoding numbers with a base-20 structure (French '70s, '80s, '90s) resulted in slower response times across all age groups.
  • Transcoding base-10 numbers in French (LM2) also incurred a cognitive cost, with slower reading aloud and more errors compared to German (LM1).
  • The effect of LM2 transcoding cost persisted into adulthood for reading aloud, while matching task performance became similar across languages in older adolescents and adults.

Conclusions:

  • Number transcoding is influenced by the transparency of number systems in the language of mathematics instruction.
  • French numbers with base-20 structures present a challenge, indicating an age-independent language effect.
  • The language of mathematics acquisition impacts transcoding proficiency, with effects lingering into adulthood, highlighting the strong link between language and numerical cognition.