Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 30, 2025

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
Updated Results of the COVID-19 in MS Global Data Sharing Initiative: Anti-CD20 and Other Risk Factors Associated
Steve Simpson-Yap1, Ashkan Pirmani2, Tomas Kalincik2
1From the CORe (S.S.-Y., T.K., S.S.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit (S.S.-Y., N.N.), Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (S.S.-Y.), University of Tasmania, Australia; ESAT-STADIUS (A.P., E.D.B., L.G., T.P., Y.M.), KU Leuven; Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute (A.P., L.G., T.P.), Hasselt University, Belgium; MS Centre (T.K., L.M.P.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medical Informatics (T.K.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; MS International Federation (A.H., N.R.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.A.H., T.S.), Swedish MS Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.E.), CHU Pontchaillou, France; iConquerMS People-Powered Research Network (R.M., H.S.), Accelerated Cure Project for MS, Waltham, MA; NeuroTransData Study Group (A.B.B., S.B.), NeuroTransData, Neuburg an der Donau, Germany; German MS-Register by the National MS Society (A. Stahmann), MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH; UK MS Register (R.M.M., R.S.N.), Swansea University; COViMS (A. Salter, B.B.); Division of Biostatistics (A. Salter), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.d.W., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Dokuz Eylul University (S.O.), İzmir; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon; Department of Neurology (R.K.), University of Hacettepe, Turkey; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait; Neurology Department (J.I.R.), Hospital Universitario de CEMIC; RELACOEM (J.I.R., R.N.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; The Australian MS Longitudinal Study (I.A.v.d.M.), Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania; ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association (G.S.d.O.); The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (M.M.), Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Multiple Sclerosis University Center (R.N.A.), Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Argentina; Imperial College London (R.S.N., A.M.), United Kingdom; MS and Demyelinating Diseases, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires (A.S.C.), EMA, Argentina; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z.d.T., G.A.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; icometrix (A.D., L.C.), Leuven, Belgium; Queen Mary University London (R.D.), United Kingdom; QMENTA (P.R., V.P.), Barcelona, Spain; and Casa di Cura del Policlinico and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Italy. liesbet.peeters@uhasselt.be.
Background And Objectives:
Certain demographic and clinical characteristics, including the use of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection severity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Comprehensive exploration of these relationships in large international samples is needed.
Methods:
Clinician-reported demographic/clinical data from 27 countries were aggregated into a data set of 5,648 patients with suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 severity outcomes (hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], requiring artificial ventilation, and death) were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit and logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, disability, and MS phenotype. DMTs were individually compared with glatiramer acetate, and anti-CD20 DMTs with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab.
Results:
Of 5,648 patients, 922 (16.6%) with suspected and 4,646 (83.4%) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability were associated with more severe COVID-19. Compared with glatiramer acetate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with higher probabilities of hospitalization (4% [95% CI 1-7] and 7% [95% CI 4-11]), ICU/artificial ventilation (2% [95% CI 0-4] and 4% [95% CI 2-6]), and death (1% [95% CI 0-2] and 2% [95% CI 1-4]) (predicted marginal effects). Untreated patients had 5% (95% CI 2-8), 3% (95% CI 1-5), and 1% (95% CI 0-3) higher probabilities of the 3 respective levels of COVID-19 severity than glatiramer acetate. Compared with pooled other DMTs and with natalizumab, the associations of ocrelizumab and rituximab with COVID-19 severity were also more pronounced. All associations persisted/enhanced on restriction to confirmed COVID-19.
Discussion:
Analyzing the largest international real-world data set of people with MS with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 confirms that the use of anti-CD20 medication (both ocrelizumab and rituximab), as well as male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability are associated with more severe course of COVID-19.
More Related Videos
06:03Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
08:51Author Spotlight: Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis for Unveiling Multicellular Immune Signatures in Clinical Heart Attack Cohorts
Published on: September 20, 2024
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Relative Risk
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...