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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Atomic partial wave meter by attosecond coincidence metrology.

Wenyu Jiang1, Gregory S J Armstrong2, Jihong Tong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Communications
|August 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces polarization-skewed attosecond chronoscopy to measure partial wave contributions in photoionization. This breakthrough allows precise control and measurement of electron dynamics with attosecond resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum dynamics
  • Ultrafast spectroscopy
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Attosecond chronoscopy enables studying electron dynamics with attosecond resolution.
  • Determining and controlling individual partial wave contributions in photoionization has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for measuring partial wave contributions in photoionization.
  • To steer the relative ratios of partial waves and measure magnetic-sublevel-resolved atomic phase shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Development of polarization-skewed attosecond chronoscopy.
  • Angle-resolved photoionization measurements in rare gas atoms.
  • Time-dependent R-matrix numerical simulations and soft-photon approximation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated polarization-skewed attosecond chronoscopy as a partial wave meter.
  • Successfully steered partial wave ratios and performed magnetic-sublevel-resolved phase shift measurements.
  • Symmetry-resolved analysis revealed transition rates and phase shift properties in attosecond photoelectron emission.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides critical insights into attosecond photoionization dynamics.
  • Offers a new tool for understanding electron dynamics in matter.
  • Advances the capabilities of attosecond chronoscopy for fundamental physics research.