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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses
Published on: March 8, 2024
Immune system-related soluble mediators and COVID-19: basic mechanisms and clinical perspectives
Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar1,2,3, Forough Parhizkar2,3, Mojtaba Abdollahi4
1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract:
During SARS-CoV-2 infection, an effective immune response provides the first line of defense; however, excessive inflammatory innate immunity and impaired adaptive immunity may harm tissues. Soluble immune mediators are involved in the dynamic interaction of ligands with membrane-bound receptors to maintain and restore health after pathological events. In some cases, the dysregulation of their expression can lead to disease pathology. In this literature review, we described current knowledge of the basic features of soluble immune mediators and their dysregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infections and highlighted their contribution to disease severity and mortality. Video Abstract.
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