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Modeling dynamic personality theories in a continuous-time framework: An illustration.

Martin Hecht1,2,3, Kai T Horstmann3,4, Manuel Arnold3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany.

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|August 30, 2022
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Summary

Personality psychology is dynamic, not just stable. This study models personality dynamics, showing effects like happiness and extraversion can change over time and differ between individuals.

Keywords:
autoregressive effectsbetween-person effectscontemporaneous effectscontinuous-time modelingcross-lagged effectsexperience samplingpersonality dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Personality Psychology
  • Dynamic Systems Theory

Background:

  • Traditional personality psychology emphasizes stable between-person differences.
  • Recent theories conceptualize personality as a dynamic system, like Cybernetic Big Five Theory.
  • Dynamic systems require distinct components mapped to statistical models for estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Illustrate implementing dynamic personality theory components within a continuous time-modeling framework.
  • Empirically investigate dynamic personality effects using experience sampling data.
  • Examine relationships between momentary happiness, extraverted behavior, and social situation perception.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuous time-modeling framework.
  • Reanalyzed experience sampling data from 180 individuals (approx. 40 measurement occasions each).
  • Investigated between-person, contemporaneous, autoregressive, and cross-lagged effects.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed four distinct effects: between-person, contemporaneous, autoregressive, and cross-lagged.
  • Observed that these effects do not always align in direction.
  • Demonstrated the complexity of dynamic personality interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Findings align with dynamic personality theories, highlighting the system's complexity.
  • Emphasizes that different types of effects (e.g., contemporaneous vs. cross-lagged) can vary.
  • Supports a dynamic systems view of personality, moving beyond static trait perspectives.