Production of MHCII-expressing classical monocytes increases during aging in mice and humans

Pijus K Barman1,2, Juliana E Shin1,2, Sloan A Lewis3,4

  • 1Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Aging Cell
|August 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Aging alters monocyte subsets, increasing a type that produces more dendritic cells. This shift, linked to specific gene expression and lncRNA activity, is observed in both mice and humans, potentially impacting age-related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aging research
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to increased monocyte production and functional changes.
  • Classical monocytes are heterogeneous, with subset shifts potentially explaining functional alterations in aging.
  • Previous work identified distinct monocyte subsets derived from granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and monocyte-dendritic cell progenitors (MDPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in classical monocyte subset composition during aging.
  • To determine the functional implications of these changes on dendritic cell production.
  • To explore the role of specific genes and lncRNAs in age-related monocyte alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of classical monocyte gene expression (H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, H2-Eb1, Cd74) in young vs. old mice.
  • Assessment of MHCII and CD74 protein expression on monocytes.
  • Evaluation of dendritic cell yield from bone marrow progenitors and monocytes.
  • Measurement of Aw112010 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression and its regulatory role in macrophages.
  • Comparison of MHCII expression in human classical monocytes from young and old individuals.

Main Results:

  • Old mice exhibit higher expression of dendritic cell-producing monocyte (DCMo) signature genes and proteins (MHCII, CD74) in classical monocytes.
  • Bone marrow MDPs and classical monocytes from old mice produce more monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).
  • Elevated Aw112010 lncRNA levels in old monocytes correlate with increased MHCII expression, suggesting a regulatory role.
  • Increased classical monocyte MHCII expression is also observed in healthy aging humans.

Conclusions:

  • Aging skews monocyte production towards a subset with enhanced dendritic cell-generating capacity.
  • Increased expression of specific genes and the lncRNA Aw112010 contributes to altered monocyte function during aging.
  • These age-associated monocyte changes in mice and humans may have significant implications for aging-related disorders.