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Acute selenium toxicosis in sheep.

D J Blodgett, R F Bevill

    Veterinary and Human Toxicology
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acute selenium toxicosis in sheep is dangerous. The LD50 for sodium selenite was determined to be 0.7 mg/kg, with lung edema and heart lesions observed in affected animals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Animal Science
    • Environmental Health

    Background:

    • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, but excessive intake can lead to toxicosis.
    • Understanding acute selenium toxicosis is crucial for animal health and agricultural safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of acute selenium toxicosis in sheep.
    • To identify clinical signs and pathological lesions associated with acute selenium exposure in sheep.

    Main Methods:

    • Acute toxicosis was induced in 20 crossbred sheep using varying doses of sodium selenite (0.4 to 1.0 mg Se/kg body weight) administered intramuscularly.
    • Animals were observed for 192 hours, and clinical signs and gross pathological lesions were recorded.
    • Tissue selenium concentrations were analyzed post-mortem.

    Main Results:

    • The LD50 for sodium selenite was established at 0.7 mg Se/kg body weight (SE ± 0.035) over a 192-hour observation period.
    • Clinical signs included dyspnea and depression.
    • Necropsy revealed edematous lungs and pale, mottled hearts in sheep receiving higher doses (0.7, 0.8, and 1.0 mg Se/kg).
    • Highest tissue selenium concentrations were found in the liver, followed by the kidney and heart.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute selenium toxicosis in sheep has a defined LD50, with specific clinical and pathological indicators.
    • Prompt identification of these signs and lesions is vital for diagnosing and managing selenium poisoning in livestock.

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