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How Consistently Do 13 Clearinghouses Identify Social and Behavioral Development Programs as "Evidence-Based"?

Jingwen Zheng1, Mansi Wadhwa1, Thomas D Cook2,3

  • 1George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific clearinghouses evaluate social programs but show low agreement on effectiveness due to differing criteria for evidence, such as replication and effect persistence.

Keywords:
ClearinghouseEvidence-basedSocial and behavioral development programs

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Area of Science:

  • Social and behavioral sciences
  • Program evaluation
  • Evidence-based practice

Background:

  • Clearinghouses assess social and behavioral development programs using scientific criteria to determine evidence-based status.
  • These verdicts are published online for stakeholders, including policymakers and the public.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the criteria and preferences of 13 clearinghouses in evaluating social and behavioral programs.
  • To assess the consistency of program rankings across different clearinghouses.
  • To investigate the reasons behind discrepancies in clearinghouse conclusions through case studies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of causal design and analysis preferences across 13 clearinghouses.
  • Statistical estimation of inter-rater reliability in program effectiveness rankings.
  • Qualitative case study analysis to explore reasons for differing conclusions.

Main Results:

  • Most clearinghouses prioritize randomized controlled trials but vary in valuing implementation data and quasi-experimental designs.
  • A significant majority of sampled programs (82%) were reviewed by only one clearinghouse.
  • Agreement on program effectiveness was found for only 55% of programs reviewed by multiple clearinghouses, with higher consensus on ineffectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Discrepancies in clearinghouse conclusions stem primarily from differing requirements for independent replication and temporal persistence of effects.
  • Lack of consensus on key methodological standards hinders the consistent application of "evidence-based" in social and behavioral sciences.
  • Establishing shared scientific consensus on evaluation criteria is crucial for advancing evidence-based practice.