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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

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As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
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Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations01:25

Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations

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Traverse angle computations are a critical component of surveying, used to compute the internal angles within a closed traverse. A traverse consists of a series of connected lines forming a closed loop, often used for land boundary delineation or mapping. Calculating the internal angles ensures accuracy in the traverse geometry and is essential for checking survey data integrity.The process begins with known azimuths and bearings of the traverse sides. Internal angles at each vertex are...
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Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
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Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
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Vision-Based Continuous Robust LOS Angle Measurement with Seamless Parameter Adaptation for Approaching a Spacecraft

Fei Xie1, Ling Wang1, Bo Wang1

  • 1College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for real-time line of sight (LOS) angle measurement of spacecraft components during approach. The technique ensures continuous, stable measurements for critical operations like repair and status evaluation.

Keywords:
component approachcomponent recognitioncomponent segmentationline of sight (LOS) angle measurementon-orbit servicing

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Computer Vision
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Space rendezvous requires precise component-level line of sight (LOS) angle measurement for operations like repair.
  • Existing methods often fail to provide continuous, stable, real-time LOS measurements during component approach scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a computationally efficient, continuous, and robust method for component-level LOS angle measurement during spacecraft approach.
  • To address the limitations of current methods in dynamic, real-time scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptive gamma correction for image enhancement in variable lighting.
  • Information entropy-based thresholding for target pixel identification.
  • Region detection with seamless parameter adaptation for robust segmentation.
  • Solar panel recognition using prior knowledge and shape features.
  • Localization of solar panel centers and LOS angle calculation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method demonstrates superior solar panel recognition and segmentation.
  • Validation through simulated and real-world dark-room experiments simulating space lighting.
  • Ground semi-physical experiments confirm real-time measurement capability with a guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a high-performance solution for continuous, real-time component-level LOS angle measurement.
  • It is applicable to critical spacecraft operations during rendezvous and approach phases.
  • The approach enhances computational efficiency and robustness in complex lighting conditions.