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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

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Fixation stability comparison of bone screws based on thread design: buttress thread, triangle thread, and square

Xiaoreng Feng^1,2, Zhaopei Luo¹, Yupeng Li¹

¹Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, No. 42 Dongshan Road, Jiangcheng District, 529500, Yangjiang, China.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

|August 30, 2022

Summary

Bone screw thread profiles significantly impact fixation stability. Triangle and square threads offer superior pullout strength and migration resistance, enhancing stability with dynamic compression and locking plates under various loads.

Keywords:

Bone screw Buttress thread Fixation stability Square thread Triangle thread

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Published on: October 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Orthopedic biomechanics
Biomaterials science
Surgical implant design

Background:

The effect of bone screw thread design on fixation stability is not well understood.
This research investigates how different thread profiles influence screw stability in bone fixation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the fixation stability of bone screws with buttress, triangle, and square thread profiles.
To evaluate stability under axial pullout, lateral migration, and combined plate fixation loading conditions.

Main Methods:

Stainless steel bone screws with distinct thread profiles (buttress, triangle, square) were fabricated.
Fixation stability was assessed using axial pullout and lateral migration tests.
Screw performance was further evaluated with dynamic compression and locking plates in polyurethane foam under cyclic craniocaudal and torsional loads.

Main Results:

Triangle and square threads exhibited the highest pullout forces and lateral migration resistance.
With dynamic compression plates, triangle and square threads required greater force and cycles for craniocaudal loading.
Under torsional loading with dynamic compression plates, triangle threads showed superior performance.
Locking plate fixation with square threads demonstrated enhanced stability under both craniocaudal and torsional loads.

Conclusions:

Triangle threads provide superior pullout strength; square threads offer the best lateral migration resistance.
Both triangle and square threads enhance fixation stability with dynamic compression plates under craniocaudal loading.
Triangle threads are superior for torsional stability with dynamic compression plates.
Square threads with locking plates yield the best overall fixation stability for both loading types.