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Multiple-batch spawning: a risk-spreading strategy disarmed by highly intensive size-selective fishing rate.

Sara Hočevar¹, Jeffrey A Hutchings^1,2,3,4, Anna Kuparinen¹

¹Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|August 31, 2022

Summary

Multiple-batch spawning, a fish life-history strategy, is ineffective against fishing. Fisheries favor smaller fish, reducing the benefits of this risk-spreading strategy, hindering population recovery.

Keywords:

Atlantic cod bet-hedging fisheries-induced evolution fitness multiple-batch spawning size-selective fishing

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Fisheries Science

Background:

Organisms employ diverse life-history strategies to adapt to environmental variability.
Multiple-batch spawning is a risk-management strategy in long-lived fishes, distributing offspring survival risks.
This strategy's fitness benefits increase with female body size, a trait targeted by size-selective fishing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how fishing intensity impacts the life-history traits and fitness of multiple-batch spawning fish.
To determine if the risk-spreading advantage of multiple-batch spawning is compromised under human-induced (fisheries) selection.
To assess the relationship between ecological population recovery and evolutionary recovery of population structure.

Main Methods:

Utilized an eco-evolutionary mechanistic model, empirically and theoretically grounded.
Parameterized the model specifically for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
Simulated the effects of varying fishing intensities on life-history traits and fitness.

Main Results:

The risk-spreading strategy of multiple-batch spawning is ineffective against fisheries selection.
Fisheries selection favors smaller fish, diminishing the risk-spreading effect.
Ecological recovery in population size does not guarantee evolutionary recovery in population size structure.

Conclusions:

The risk-spreading mechanism of batch spawning is vulnerable to fisheries-induced evolution.
Recovery of the size structure in overfished stocks is crucial for full population recovery.
Conservation strategies must consider evolutionary impacts alongside ecological recovery.