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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy in gynecological cancers.

Domenica Lorusso1,2, Valentina Ceni3, Gennaro Daniele1

  • 1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy
|September 1, 2022
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Summary

Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), shows promise in gynecological cancers like cervical and endometrial neoplasms. Further research is needed to clarify the benefits of ICIs in ovarian cancer (OC).

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Immunotherapycervical cancerendometrial cancerovarian cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has significantly improved outcomes for several cancers.
  • There is growing interest in applying ICIs to gynecological malignancies.
  • While promising in cervical and endometrial cancers, the role of ICIs in ovarian cancer requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current evidence on the use of ICIs in gynecological malignancies.
  • To review ongoing clinical trials investigating ICIs in cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunotherapy in gynecological cancers.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trial data for immune checkpoint inhibitors in cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer.

Main Results:

  • ICIs have demonstrated efficacy in cervical and endometrial cancers.
  • Data on the efficacy of ICIs as monotherapy or in combination with antiangiogenic agents in ovarian cancer are limited.
  • Ongoing trials are exploring combinations of ICIs with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors for ovarian cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy, including ICIs, represents a significant advancement in treating certain gynecological malignancies.
  • Further research and clinical trials are crucial to establish the optimal role of ICIs in ovarian cancer treatment.
  • Combination strategies involving ICIs are a key focus for future ovarian cancer therapies.