Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

Regulated mRNA Transport

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...

RNA Stability

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Context-dependent miRNA regulation in intervertebral disc degeneration: an IDD-focused dynamic network framework for stage-specific therapeutics.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same author

Crystallographic Capture of a Free Triplet Borylnitrene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

OsMAPK20-1 and OsMAPK20-4 phosphorylate OsCK2β3 to regulate its stability in response to phosphate starvation in rice.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study on the Electronic Structures of Cyclopentadienyl Bis-Phosphine Chromium(IV/V) Nitrides.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Clinical performance evaluation of a cuffless continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring device in ICU patients.

Digital health·2026

Same author

Targeted silencing of CLYBL with platelet-mimetic siRNA nanoparticles drives itaconate-mediated macrophage reprogramming and protects against sepsis-triggered lung cell death.

Cell death discovery·2026

Same journal

RNA therapeutic targeting of recalcitrant and rare cancers.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

Same journal

<i>ESR1</i> mutations in ER-positive breast cancer: from endocrine resistance to ctDNA-guided therapeutic interception.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

Same journal

The evolution of chemotherapy in brain tumors: from historical milestones to precision medicine in glioblastoma.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

Same journal

Oligometastatic versus polymetastatic colon cancer: functional and genomic determinants of divergent metastatic trajectories.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

Same journal

Triple-negative breast cancer: current understanding and future perspectives.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

Same journal

The evolving role of targeted radioligand therapy in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.

Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

Polyester materials for mRNA delivery.

Wang Chen¹, Yonghui Ma¹, Xiaoxuan Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy

|September 1, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery faces bioavailability and stability challenges. Biodegradable polyesters show promise as safe vectors for mRNA therapeutics, aiding clinical translation.

Keywords:

gene therapy mRNA mRNA delivery poly(β-amino ester)polyester

More Related Videos

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Drug Delivery
Molecular Therapeutics

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics offer significant potential for treating infectious diseases and cancer.
Current mRNA therapies are limited by poor bioavailability and in vivo instability, hindering clinical application.
Efficient and safe delivery systems are critical for the successful translation of mRNA therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the progress and challenges in mRNA delivery systems.
To highlight the potential of polyesters and their analogs as biodegradable vectors for mRNA delivery.
To provide insights for designing advanced biodegradable nucleic acid delivery vectors.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on mRNA therapeutics and delivery vectors.
Analysis of polyester-based materials for their suitability in mRNA delivery.
Discussion of design principles for biodegradable nucleic acid delivery vectors.

Main Results:

Polyesters and their analogs are identified as promising biodegradable materials for mRNA delivery.
Various examples of polyester-based vectors demonstrate their potential in enhancing mRNA delivery.
Key challenges in the rational design of polyester-based mRNA delivery vectors are discussed.

Conclusions:

Biodegradable polyesters represent a viable strategy for overcoming mRNA delivery challenges.
Further research into rational design can optimize polyester-based vectors for clinical translation.
Advancements in biodegradable vectors will promote the broader application of nucleic acid therapeutics.