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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
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Towards a machine-readable literature: finding relevant papers based on an uploaded powder diffraction pattern.

Berrak Özer1, Martin A Karlsen2, Zachary Thatcher1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and Advances
|September 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

pyDataRecognition enables data-driven literature searches by comparing user powder patterns to a database, identifying relevant scientific papers. This machine-readable literature approach aids researchers in discovering and accessing key publications efficiently.

Keywords:
CIFdata similaritydata-driven literature searchmachine-readable scientific literaturepowder diffraction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Scientific literature is a rich source of experimental data, but accessing specific information can be challenging.
  • Traditional literature searches rely on keyword matching, which may not capture nuanced data relationships.
  • Developing machine-readable formats for scientific data is crucial for advanced data mining and analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a prototype application, pyDataRecognition, for machine-readable literature searches.
  • To demonstrate a data-driven approach where experimental data serves as the search query.
  • To facilitate the retrieval of relevant scientific papers based on experimental data similarity.

Main Methods:

  • The pyDataRecognition application was developed as a prototype.
  • Users upload experimental powder diffraction patterns and radiation wavelength data.
  • The program compares user data against a database of known powder patterns using similarity scoring.

Main Results:

  • The application successfully compares user-provided data to a database of powder patterns.
  • It generates a rank-ordered list of publications based on similarity scores.
  • Results include digital object identifiers, full references, and comparative plots of diffraction patterns.

Conclusions:

  • pyDataRecognition offers a novel, data-driven method for literature discovery.
  • The application demonstrates the potential of machine-readable literature for scientific research.
  • Further development is needed to address challenges and enhance functionality.