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Global monkeypox outbreak 2022: First case series in Singapore.

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The 2022 monkeypox outbreak presents differently from past zoonotic events, with atypical genital rashes. Early detection and isolation are crucial for containing this global health emergency.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Monkeypox (MPX) is a global health emergency, with a significant increase in infections reported in non-endemic countries since May 2022.
  • The current outbreak differs from previous zoonotic transmissions, characterized by atypical localized genital eruptions and distinct travel/sexual histories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features of 15 monkeypox cases in Singapore as of August 2022.
  • To highlight clinical clues for physicians to aid in diagnosing acute vesicular genital eruptions, differentiating them from other conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis of 15 confirmed monkeypox cases in Singapore.
  • Review of clinical presentations, travel history, sexual history, and onset of symptoms relative to prodrome.

Main Results:

  • Cases presented with atypical localized genital eruptions, often with significant travel and sexual history.
  • The onset of rash was unpredictable relative to prodromal symptoms, differing from classic monkeypox presentations.
  • Physicians require high vigilance to diagnose acute vesicular genital eruptions in the context of the current outbreak.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and isolation of monkeypox cases are essential for transmission control in Singapore.
  • Clinical vigilance and a high index of suspicion are necessary for physicians managing patients with acute vesicular genital eruptions.
  • Conservative management is currently employed, with ongoing research into vaccination and antiviral strategies.