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Global monkeypox outbreak 2022: First case series in Singapore
Xuan Qi Koh1, Martin Tze Wei Chio, Mingjuan Tan
1Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|September 1, 2022
Summary
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak presents differently from past zoonotic events, with atypical genital rashes. Early detection and isolation are crucial for containing this global health emergency.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Monkeypox (MPX) is a global health emergency, with a significant increase in infections reported in non-endemic countries since May 2022.
- The current outbreak differs from previous zoonotic transmissions, characterized by atypical localized genital eruptions and distinct travel/sexual histories.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the clinical features of 15 monkeypox cases in Singapore as of August 2022.
- To highlight clinical clues for physicians to aid in diagnosing acute vesicular genital eruptions, differentiating them from other conditions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective case series analysis of 15 confirmed monkeypox cases in Singapore.
- Review of clinical presentations, travel history, sexual history, and onset of symptoms relative to prodrome.
Main Results:
- Cases presented with atypical localized genital eruptions, often with significant travel and sexual history.
- The onset of rash was unpredictable relative to prodromal symptoms, differing from classic monkeypox presentations.
- Physicians require high vigilance to diagnose acute vesicular genital eruptions in the context of the current outbreak.
Conclusions:
- Early detection and isolation of monkeypox cases are essential for transmission control in Singapore.
- Clinical vigilance and a high index of suspicion are necessary for physicians managing patients with acute vesicular genital eruptions.
- Conservative management is currently employed, with ongoing research into vaccination and antiviral strategies.
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