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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment
Published on: December 27, 2024
John Ellis1, Elizabeth Marziani2, Chumkee Aziz3
1University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (J.E.).
Updated canine vaccination guidelines emphasize core and noncore vaccines for optimal dog health and public safety. These recommendations cover vaccine types, schedules, and special considerations for shelter dogs to prevent infectious diseases.
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