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Exploring Individual Differences as Predictors of Performance Change During Dual-N-Back Training
Per T Ørskov1, Anne Norup2,3, Erin L Beatty1
1Department of Language and Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southern Denmark, Slagelse, Denmark.
Summary
Individual differences in working memory and intelligence significantly impact training performance and improvement rates. Higher ability individuals show greater gains and are more likely to complete working memory training programs.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Individual differences in working memory training outcomes are substantial.
- Understanding these differences can optimize intervention design.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how working memory, intelligence, and other factors influence training performance and progress.
- To identify predictors of adherence and differential training gains.
Main Methods:
- Latent growth curve modeling applied to 12-week adaptive dual-n-back training data from 217 students.
- Analysis of baseline measures including working memory, intelligence, attention, motivation, mindset, well-being, stress, and sleep quality.
Main Results:
- Working memory and intelligence predicted both initial performance and rate of improvement.
- Sustained attention and sleep quality predicted initial performance only.
- Completers outperformed dropouts on baseline working memory, intelligence, stress, and sleep quality.
Conclusions:
- The magnification account is supported: higher ability individuals achieve greater performance and improvement.
- Baseline cognitive abilities and well-being influence training adherence and outcomes.
