Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Principle of Equivalence01:18

Principle of Equivalence

2.3K
According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
2.3K
Second Uniqueness Theorem01:16

Second Uniqueness Theorem

1.1K
Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the...
1.1K
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II01:19

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II

371
In the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, two specific scenarios can arise that complicate stability analysis.
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first...
371
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I01:15

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

317
Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
To apply the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, a Routh table is constructed. The table's rows are labeled with powers of the complex frequency variable s, starting from the...
317
Equivalent Couples01:28

Equivalent Couples

325
In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
Two couples are considered to be equivalent if they produce the same rotational effect on a rigid body. In other words, the two couples have the same magnitude and act in the same direction, causing the same angular displacement or acceleration in the body.
For instance, consider two couples lying in the plane of the page, with one having a pair of equal...
325
Norton's Theorem01:14

Norton's Theorem

741
Norton's theorem is a fundamental principle stating that a linear two-terminal circuit can be substituted with an equivalent circuit, which comprises a current source (ⅠN) in parallel with a resistor (RN). Here, ⅠN represents the short-circuit current flowing through the terminals, and RN stands for the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when all independent sources are deactivated. This implies that the circuit illustrated in Figure (a) can be exchanged with the...
741

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

An improved translational approach to studying persistence-strengthening effects of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same authorSame journal

Odor-visual and visual-visual matching to sample with dogs.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same author

Influences of breath sample re-use on the accuracy of lung cancer detection dogs.

Journal of breath research·2022
Same author

Response-strengthening effects of same- and different-context DRA training: The effects of two disruptors.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2022
Same author

What Can We Learn by Treating Perspective Taking as Problem Solving?

Perspectives on behavior science·2021
Same author

Motivating Operations and Negative Reinforcement.

Perspectives on behavior science·2020
Same journal

The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same journal

Shaping the extinction burst: Increasing its probability and preventing its emergence across topographies.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same journal

Evaluating the combined effects of effort and probability on monetary discounting.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same journal

Interactions between the effects of food and water motivating operations on concurrent food- and water-reinforced responding in mice.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

5.3K

Reexamining nodality in equivalence classes.

Gabriel Chand1, Timothy L Edwards1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Waikato.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|September 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nodality, the reduced functional similarity between stimuli with more intervening nodes, was confirmed in a controlled experiment. Participants showed preference for stimuli closer in the equivalence class, supporting nodality as a robust phenomenon.

Keywords:
preference assessmentrelatednessrelational respondingstimulus controlstimulus equivalence

More Related Videos

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.9K
Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
05:24

Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy

Published on: January 10, 2025

492

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

5.3K
Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.9K
Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
05:24

Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy

Published on: January 10, 2025

492

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Stimulus equivalence research

Background:

  • Equivalence classes demonstrate functional similarity between stimuli.
  • Nodality describes how similarity decreases with more intervening stimuli (nodes).
  • Previous studies lacked simultaneous control over priming, reinforcement, and stimulus functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nodality under controlled conditions.
  • To establish two 6-member, 4-node equivalence classes.
  • To evaluate nodality using a within-class preference assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled for priming effects, reinforcement during training, and multiple stimulus functions.
  • Established two 6-member, 4-node equivalence classes.
  • Administered a within-class preference assessment to evaluate nodality.

Main Results:

  • Five of 12 participants achieved criterion accuracy.
  • Participants demonstrated nodality, preferring nodally proximal stimuli.
  • Selection time increased for nodally distal stimuli compared to proximal ones.

Conclusions:

  • Nodality is a robust phenomenon, not an artifact of uncontrolled factors.
  • Findings align with previous research on nodality.
  • Controlled experimental conditions strengthen the evidence for nodality.