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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

199
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
199
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

157
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

202
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
202
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

280
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

131
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Co-occurring depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A dimensional network approach.

Samantha N Hellberg1, Jonathan S Abramowitz1, Heidi J Ojalehto1

  • 1Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|September 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms are linked through shared negative affect and cognitive-somatic changes. Understanding symptom heterogeneity is crucial for clinical conceptualizations of co-occurring conditions.

Keywords:
ComorbidityDepressionNetwork analysisObsessive-compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Network Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Depressive and obsessive-compulsive (OCD) symptoms frequently co-occur, with shared risk factors explored.
  • Network approaches propose functional inter-relationships between depression and OCD symptoms.
  • Previous network studies often used item-level data and lacked dimensional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the network structure of co-occurring depressive and OCD symptoms.
  • To examine symptom relationships using process-level constructs and dimensional analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Applied network analytic methods to data from 463 adults with OCD.
  • Utilized factor analysis to derive network nodes (processes).
  • Computed networks and examined centrality, bridge, and stability statistics.

Main Results:

  • Obsessions (especially repugnant thoughts), negative affectivity, and cognitive-somatic changes were central in the symptom network.
  • Unique associations were found between symmetry-related OCD symptoms and cognitive-somatic changes.
  • No direct link was observed between harm-related OCD symptoms and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Negative affective and psychomotor changes are key to understanding the OCD-depression relationship.
  • Recognizing heterogeneity in OCD symptom content is vital for clinical conceptualizations.
  • This network approach offers novel insights into the co-occurrence of OCD and depression.