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Triazole-functionalized hydrochar-stabilized Pd nanocatalyst for ullmann coupling.

Guilherme Ramos Pereira1, Renata Pereira Lopes1, Wenjuan Wang2

  • 1Federal University of Viçosa, Chemistry Department-Viçosa/MG, Brazil.

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|September 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel palladium nanocatalyst supported on functionalized coffee straw hydrochar for efficient Ullmann coupling reactions. The catalyst demonstrates excellent performance at low temperatures and high recyclability, offering a sustainable approach for biomass valorization.

Keywords:
BiomassBiphenylCatalyst supportClick reactionGreen chemistrySustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Biomass valorization is crucial, especially in developing economies.
  • Developing efficient and recyclable catalysts is key for sustainable chemical synthesis.
  • Arabica coffee straw presents an underutilized biomass resource.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel nanocatalyst from arabica coffee straw for the Ullmann coupling reaction.
  • To functionalize hydrochar with a triazole group and support palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs).
  • To evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability of the PdNPs-HD-TRz system.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrochar preparation via hydrothermal synthesis with NaOH activation.
  • Triazole functionalization of hydrochar using CuAAC click reaction.
  • Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) supported on functionalized hydrochar (HD-TRz).
  • Characterization using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Application in Ullmann coupling reaction and assessment of catalyst recyclability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized and characterized palladium nanoparticles supported on triazole-functionalized hydrochar (PdNPs-HD-TRz).
  • PdNPs-HD-TRz demonstrated excellent catalytic activity (100% conversion) and selectivity (91%) for Ullmann coupling at 45 °C.
  • The catalyst exhibited remarkable recyclability over three cycles with high conversion rates maintained.
  • Nanoparticles were spherical with a size of 2.1 ± 0.1 nm, homogeneously distributed.

Conclusions:

  • Triazole-functionalized hydrochar derived from coffee straw is an effective support for palladium nanocatalysts.
  • The developed PdNPs-HD-TRz system offers a sustainable and efficient catalytic solution for Ullmann coupling.
  • This approach highlights the potential of biomass-derived materials in advanced catalysis and valorization.