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Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Antiepileptic Drugs: Process Intensification, Sustainability Metrics, and Scalable
Amit Upadhyay1, Alka Raj Pandey2, Ashwini Mishra3
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahayogi Gorakhnath University Gorakhpur, Arogya Dham, Sonbarsa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273007, India.
Abstract:
The current trend in antiepileptic drug (AED) development entails finding and creating safer, more effective technologies as the world continues to source AEDs, thereby creating a larger carbon footprint through the batch-process method of manufacturing AEDs, along with potential resource limitations and/or supply chain constraints on batch-manufactured products. This review will evaluate the change in AED manufacturing from the batch-process method to the continuous-flow process and the advantages associated with integrating environmentally friendly chemical methods into continuous-flow manufacturing processes to create AEDs and the new generation of AEDs with reduced waste. The review will examine examples of recent advances in continuous-flow processing of major molecules, including pregabalin, levetiracetam, lacosamide, and brivaracetam. In addition, the review will discuss the obstacles preventing a complete transition to an automated, environmentally friendly, and continuous-flow process for producing AEDs.
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