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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Transverse Fracture of the Mouse Femur with Stabilizing Pin

Transverse Fracture of the Mouse Femur with Stabilizing Pin

Published on: December 29, 2021

Age-related decrease in periostin expression may be associated with attenuated fracture healing in old mice.

Daniel Clark¹, Jeffrey Doelling², Diane Hu³

¹Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

|September 4, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that periostin, crucial for bone regeneration, decreases with age. Targeting this age-related decline in periostin may enhance fracture healing in older adults.

Keywords:

RNA sequencing fracture healing macrophage periostin

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Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Transverse Fracture of the Mouse Femur with Stabilizing Pin

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Published on: December 29, 2021

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The Generation of Closed Femoral Fractures in Mice: A Model to Study Bone Healing

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Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Bone biology
Immunology
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Bone fractures are more severe in older adults, leading to complications and mortality.
Macrophages play a key role in fracture healing, from inflammation to regeneration.
Osteal macrophages in the periosteum are vital for bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in osteal macrophage gene expression.
To identify molecular mechanisms underlying impaired fracture healing in older adults.

Main Methods:

Bulk RNA sequencing of osteal macrophages from young and old mice.
Analysis of gene expression in primary calvarial cultures.
Validation in mouse fracture callus models and periostin knockout mice.

Main Results:

Osteal macrophages express genes for immune function, wound healing, and regeneration.
Periostin expression is significantly lower in macrophages from old mice.
Reduced periostin in young knockout mice mimicked impaired healing seen in old mice.

Conclusions:

Periostin is critical for effective fracture healing.
Therapeutic strategies targeting age-related periostin reduction could improve bone healing in the elderly.