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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

221
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
221

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Related Experiment Video

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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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A platform technology for generating subunit vaccines against diverse viral pathogens.

Andrew Young1,2, Ariel Isaacs1, Connor A P Scott1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A novel molecular clamp technology stabilizes viral antigens for vaccine development. This platform shows promise for creating stable, effective subunit vaccines against dangerous viruses like MERS-CoV and Ebola.

Keywords:
clampfusionplatformsubunitvaccineviral

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Virology
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid vaccine development against emerging infectious diseases.
  • While mRNA and vector vaccines were developed quickly, subunit vaccines offer potential advantages in safety and stability.
  • Existing subunit vaccine platforms face challenges in antigen production and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel "molecular clamp" subunit vaccine platform technology.
  • To demonstrate the platform's ability to stabilize prefusion epitopes of viral fusion proteins from diverse viruses.
  • To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of clamp-stabilized viral antigens.

Main Methods:

  • The molecular clamp technology was applied to generate stabilized antigens for MERS-CoV, EBOV, LASV, and NiV.
  • Antigen conformations were validated using monoclonal antibody binding, size exclusion chromatography, and electron microscopy.
  • Stability was assessed by incubating antigens at 40°C for four weeks.
  • Immunogenicity was tested in animal models, and protective efficacy was evaluated against viral challenge.

Main Results:

  • The molecular clamp successfully stabilized viral antigens, enabling purification without specific reagents.
  • All four tested antigens demonstrated stability after four weeks at 40°C.
  • Clamp-stabilized MERS-CoV spike, EBOV glycoprotein, and NiV fusion protein elicited neutralizing immune responses.
  • LASV glycoprotein precursor did not elicit neutralizing antibodies.
  • MERS-CoV and EBOV vaccine candidates provided protection in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular clamp is a versatile platform for producing stable, immunogenic viral subunit antigens.
  • This technology can accelerate the development of vaccines against a range of viral threats.
  • Further development is warranted, particularly for antigens like LASV glycoprotein.