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Updated: Aug 29, 2025
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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Published on: July 21, 2018
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Theory of strong coupling between molecules and surface plasmons on a grating
Marie S Rider1, Rakesh Arul2, Jeremy J Baumberg2
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Devon, EX4 4QL, UK.
Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|September 5, 2022
Summary
Strongly coupling molecules with surface plasmons enables long-range energy transfer. Using gratings and treating molecules as independent oscillators reveals a five-band dispersion relation, including dark states.
Area of Science:
- Plasmonics
- Molecular Spectroscopy
- Condensed Matter Physics
Background:
- Strong coupling between molecules and surface plasmons creates hybrid light-matter states.
- Surface plasmons possess long spatial coherence, enabling potential for long-range energy transfer.
- Gratings are crucial for coupling light to surface plasmons, especially for non-radiative modes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To calculate the dispersion relation of surface plasmons strongly coupled to molecular resonances with grating scattering.
- To investigate the impact of treating molecules as independent oscillators versus a single collective dipole.
- To explore how grating-induced effects influence molecule-plasmon coupling and system design.
Main Methods:
- Calculation of the dispersion relation for coupled molecule-surface plasmon systems.
- Modeling molecules as independent oscillators to capture multi-band effects.
- Analysis of grating-induced scattering and its influence on coupling.
Main Results:
- A full multi-band dispersion relation was derived by treating molecules as independent oscillators.
- A five-band dispersion relation, including a previously uncaptured bright state, was observed under specific resonance conditions.
- The grating's role in breaking translational invariance leads to position-dependent coupling, offering a tunable parameter.
Conclusions:
- Independent oscillator treatment reveals richer dispersion dynamics than collective dipole approximation.
- Grating-scattered surface plasmons coupled to molecules exhibit complex, multi-band dispersion.
- The grating is essential for observing coupling and serves as a tunable element for system design.
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