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Testing the Reserve Capacity Model: Does Race Moderate the Relationship Between Negative Emotions and Neurocognition?

Rachel F Bloom1, Karen L Siedlecki1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY10458, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|September 5, 2022
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Summary

This study found that negative emotions are linked to poorer cognitive function in adults, but race does not change this relationship. Further research should explore psychosocial factors like discrimination.

Keywords:
AnxietyDepressionNegative affectNeurocognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Negative emotions can impact cognitive abilities.
  • The reserve capacity model suggests cognitive reserve may buffer against negative emotions.
  • Understanding how race influences this relationship is crucial for equitable health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if race moderates the association between negative emotions and neurocognition.
  • To apply the reserve capacity model in a diverse adult sample.
  • To examine the impact of depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and negative affect on cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1,020 community-dwelling adults (18-84 years) from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project.
  • Matched Black and White participants based on demographic variables.
  • Employed multigroup structural equation modeling to test race as a moderator between negative emotions and neurocognitive variables (memory, reasoning, spatial visualization, processing speed).

Main Results:

  • Depressive symptoms were linked to slower processing speed and, in White participants, poorer reasoning.
  • Negative affect was associated with lower reasoning and, in White participants, lower spatial visualization.
  • Trait anxiety showed no significant associations with neurocognition. Crucially, race did not moderate these observed relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Negative emotions are associated with diminished neurocognitive performance across racial groups.
  • Race does not appear to moderate the relationship between common negative emotions and cognitive function.
  • Future studies should consider psychosocial factors like perceived discrimination to further elucidate these associations.