Non-coding RNAs in diseases with a focus on osteoarthritis

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder impacting millions globally.
• Current understanding of OA pathogenesis lacks effective prognostic biomarkers and targeted treatments.
• Epigenetic factors are emerging as key regulators in disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge on epigenetic factors in osteoarthritis.
• To focus on the role of non-coding RNAs in OA development, prediction, and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on epigenetics and osteoarthritis.
• Focus on non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs.
• Analysis of how these molecules regulate intracellular pathways relevant to OA.

Main Results:

• Non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in intracellular signaling and biological processes.
• Emerging technologies facilitate the detection and study of these epigenetic factors.
• Non-coding RNAs are implicated in the development, prediction, and potential treatment of OA.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetic regulation, particularly by non-coding RNAs, is critical in osteoarthritis.
• Further research into non-coding RNAs may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OA.
• This review highlights the potential of non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.