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Cerebrospinal fluid infiltration by chronic myeloid leukaemia: Evaluation of cytomorphological features
Malvika Shastri1, Nabhajit Mallik2, Reetu Kundu3
1Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Background And Aim:
To describe the cytomorphological findings of all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology samples showing infiltration by chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and their correlation with haematological findings.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all CSF samples reported as showing infiltration by CML on cytology from January 2014 to December 2021 was performed.
Results:
A total of 10 cases with positive CSF cytology were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 34.1 years (range 17-70 years). There were more males than females. All cases were pre-diagnosed cases of CML on haematological investigations. On cytology, the smears showed atypical/immature blast-like cells, with a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, opened-up chromatin, 1-2 conspicuous nucleoli and a scant to moderate amount of agranular to fine granular cytoplasm along with occasional granulocytic precursors. The shortest time interval for CSF positivity in a known case of CML was 5 months, and the longest interval was 11 years.
Conclusion:
It is extremely uncommon to encounter CML infiltration in CSF. Timely analysis of CSF cytology samples can allow quick diagnosis and alter the patient management protocol.
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