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Hydro/Organo/Ionogels: "Controllable" Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers.

Zehao Zhao¹, Limin Zhang¹, Hongjing Wu¹

¹MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 6, 2022

Summary

New polymer gels incorporating polar liquids offer tunable electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption for advanced electronics and military uses. These functional absorbers provide high shielding and wide bandwidths, enabling customizable, cost-effective solutions.

Keywords:

hydrogels ionic conduction loss ionogels organogels polarization loss

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Electromagnetics

Background:

Growing demand for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers in wearable electronics and military applications necessitates advanced materials.
Current EMW absorbers face limitations that require innovative strategies for enhanced performance and tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel strategy for creating high-performance, customizable EMW absorbers using functional polymer frameworks and immobilized liquids.
To investigate the correlation between the dielectric properties of the gels and the characteristics of the immobilized liquids (polarity, ionic conductivity, non-covalent interactions).

Main Methods:

Immobilization of strongly polar water, dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures, and conductive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([EMI][ES]) within dielectrically inert polymer networks.
Formation of hydrogels, organogels, and ionogels with precisely tuned dielectric properties.
Characterization of EMW absorption performance, including shielding efficiency and effective absorption bandwidth.

Main Results:

Hydrogels exhibited significant shielding performance (> 20 dB) due to high dielectric constants.
Organogels achieved full-wave absorption in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) with moderate attenuation and impedance matching.
Ionogels demonstrated a wide effective absorption bandwidth (10.79-16.38 GHz) attributed to ionic conduction loss.

Conclusions:

A versatile platform for developing high-efficient, customizable, and low-cost functional EMW absorbers has been established.
The strategy allows precise tuning of EMW absorption properties by selecting diverse and stable immobilized liquids.
This research opens new avenues for advanced materials in electromagnetic shielding and absorption applications.