PMM2 and NARFL are paternally imprinted genes in bovines

In mammals, imprinted genes are required for both fetal development and postnatal growth. A novel candidate imprinted locus was found on human chromosome 16, and maternal uniparental disomy of this locus can cause a lethal developmental lung disease in human newborns. The PMM2 and NARFL genes are located in this region and its homologous region in cattle is on chromosome 25. Currently, there is no report on the genomic imprinting of the PMM2 and NARFL genes. In this study, we demonstrated that PMM2 and NARFL are two paternally imprinted genes in bovines using an SNP-based method. In addition, two differentially methylated regions of paternal methylation were found in the promoter region and the third intron of the bovine NARFL gene, which may be involved in regulating its imprinted expression. However, we did not find differential methylation in the promoter region or the seventh intron of the bovine PMM2 gene.