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Factors affecting prepubertal and pubertal bone age progression.

Mari Satoh1, Yukihiro Hasegawa2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|September 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bone age (BA) indicates skeletal maturation, influenced by hormones like estrogen. This review examines factors affecting BA progression in children, including those with hypogonadism and Turner syndrome.

Keywords:
Turner syndromebone ageendochondral ossificationestrogengrowth platehypogonadism

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Growth and Development

Background:

  • Bone age (BA) is a key indicator of skeletal maturation and endochondral ossification.
  • Hormones such as growth hormone, IGF-1, thyroid hormone, estrogens, and androgens regulate bone maturation.
  • Estrogens play a critical role in growth plate fusion and closure, with females exhibiting advanced bone maturation compared to males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing prepubertal and pubertal bone age progression.
  • To examine bone age progression in children diagnosed with hypogonadism.
  • To investigate bone maturation and associated deformities in children with Turner syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bone age assessment.
  • Analysis of hormonal influences on skeletal development.
  • Examination of clinical data related to pediatric endocrine disorders.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen is crucial for growth plate fusion, leading to earlier skeletal maturation in females.
  • Prepubertal and pubertal bone age progression is influenced by hormonal profiles and pubertal timing.
  • Children with hypogonadism and Turner syndrome may exhibit distinct patterns of bone maturation and skeletal deformities.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal regulation, particularly by estrogens, significantly impacts bone age progression and skeletal development.
  • Understanding factors affecting bone age is vital for diagnosing and managing pediatric growth and endocrine disorders.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of hormones and genetics in bone maturation and skeletal health.